SEALICE, CLEANERFISH, AND WRASSE

SEALICE, CLEANERFISH, AND WRASSE - SEALICE AND BIOLOGY - SEALICE, NUVAN AND DICHLORVOS - SEALICE AND IVERMECTIN - SEALICE AND TREATMENTS

Anon. 1989. Wrasse arrive to tackle the sealice. Shetland Times, 6 October 1989.

Anon. 1989. Wrasse farms - A possible new spin-off to an industry which has already spawned many exciting innovations. Aquaculture Ireland, Autumn 1989: 12.

Anon. 1990. Potential wrasse problem. Scottish Fish Farmer, October 1990.

Anon. 1990. Wrasse also have lice. Fish Farming International, July 1990.

Anon. 1990. Wrasse can help keep salmon clear of lice. Fish Farming International, April 1990: 26-27.

Anon. 1990. Wrasse from the Channel. A new line for George Baird. Fish Farmer, November/December 1990.

Anon. 1990. Wrasse prove lethal against sea lice. Scotsman, 18 October 1990.

Anon. 1991. Commercial wrasse fishing proves to be successful. Scottish Fish Farmer, August 1991.

Anon. 1991. First commercial wrasse fisherman. Scottish Fish Farmer, April 1991.

Anon. 1991. More farms use wrasse against salmon lice. Fish Farming International, July 1991: 46-47.

Anon. 1991. Scottish farmers take long view on louse control. Fish Farmer 14: 45.

Anon. 1991. Wrasse fisherman delivers. Scottish Fish Farmer, September 1991.

Anon. 1991. Wrasse halve expenses. Fish Farming International, July 1991: 46.

Anon. 1993. Herring catchers find partners/ Killary fights back. Fish Farming International, February 1993: 38-41.

Anon. 1993. Hydro companies test farming of cleaner fish. Fish Farming International 20(1): 12-13.

Anon. 1993. Shetland grows wrasse to protect its salmon. Fish Farming International 20(12): 4.

Anon. 1993. Thousands of wrasse now remove lice from caged salmon. Fish Farming International 20(7): 23.

Anon. 1993. Wrasse don't slack in the winter. Fish Farmer 16(1): 4.

Anon. 1993. Wrasse-rearing programme starts at North Atlantic Fisheries College. Shetland Fishing News, November 1993.

Bjelland, R., Løkke, J., Simensen, L. & Kvenseth, P. G. 1996. Successful survival of wrasse through winter in submersible netcages in a fjord in western Norway. In: Wrasse: biology and use in aquaculture, Sayer, M. D. J., Treasurer, J. W. & Costello, M. J., Fishing News Books, Oxford: 265-271.

Bjordal, Å. 1988. Cleaning symbiosis between wrasses (Labridae) and lice infested salmon (Salmo salar) in mariculture. ICES Mariculture committee, C.M. 1988/F:17.

Bjordal, Å. 1989. Wrasse Farms - A possible new spin off to an industry which already spawned many exciting innovations! Aquaculture Ireland, Autumn 1989.

Bjordal, Å. 1990. Sea lice infestation on farmed salmon: possible use of cleaner-fish as an alternative method for de-lousing. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences(1761): 85-9.

Bjordal, Å. 1991. Wrasse as cleaner-fish for farmed salmon. Progress in Underwater Science 16: 17-29.

Bjordal, Å. 1992. Cleaning symbiosis as an alternative to chemical control of sea lice infestation of Atlantic salmon. The importance of feeding behaviour for the efficient culture of salmonid fishes, World Aquaculture Workshops, No 4, World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge.

Bjordal, Å., Brunvoll, L. & Mikkelsen, K. O. 1991. Fangst av Leppefisk. Fangstteknologi No. 11: 15-16.

Boxshall, G. A. & DeFaye, D., Eds. 1993. Pathogens of wild and farmed fish: sea lice. Ellis Horwood, London.

Breen, M. 1996. Field observations of the cleaning of ballan wrasse and torment feeding. In: Wrasse: biology and use in aquaculture, Sayer, M. D. J., Treasurer, J. W. & Costello, M. J., Fishing News Books, Oxford: 55-60.

Bron, J. E. & Treasurer, J. W. 1992. Sea lice (Caligidae) on wrasse (Labridae) from selected British wild and salmon-farm sources. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 72: 645-50.

Collins, D. 1992. Nit-picking solution to a fishy problem? Cork Examiner, Wed 16 Sept 1992.

Copland, L. 1991. A study of wrasse as cleaner-fish for the control of sea lice in the salmon farming industry. M.Sc. Thesis. Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh.

Costello, M. & Bjordal, Å. 1990. How good is this natural control on sea-lice? Fish Farmer 13(2): 44.

Costello, M. J. 1991. Review of the biology of wrasse (Labridae: Pisces) in Northern Europe. Progress in Underwater Science 16: 29-51.

Costello, M. J. 1994. Development of the use of wrasse to control sea lice on salmon farms in Ireland. Aquaculture Fisheries Managment and Aquaculture Research 25(1): 25.

Costello, M. J. 1996. Development and future of cleaner-fish technology and other biological control techniques in fish farming. In: Wrasse: biology and use in aquaculture, Sayer, M. D. J., Treasurer, J. W. & Costello, M. J., Fishing News Books, Oxford: 171-184.

Costello, M. J., Deady, S., Pike, A. & Fives, J. M. 1996. Parasites and diseases of wrasse being used as cleaner-fish on salmon farms in Ireland and Scotland. In: Wrasse: biology and use in aquaculture, Sayer, M. D. J., Treasurer, J. W. & Costello, M. J., Fishing News Books, Oxford: 211-227.

Costello, M. J. & Donnelly, R. 1991. Development of wrasse technology. In: Proceedings from Irish Salmon Growers Association 5th Annual Conference and Trade Exhibition, Joyce, J. R., Irish Salmon Growers' Association, Dublin: 18-20.

Darwall, W., Costello, M. J. & Lysaght, S. 1992. Wrasse: how well do they work? Aquaculture Ireland(50): 26-29.

Deady, S., Varian, S. J. A. & Fives, J. M. 1995. The use of cleaner-fish to control sea lice on two Irish salmon farms, with particular reference to wrasse behaviour in salmon cages. Aquaculture 131: 73-90.

Donnelly, R. 1992. The biology and use of wrasse (Labridae) as a biological control of external parasites in salmonid cultures. M.Sc. Thesis. University of Dublin.

Donnelly, R. E. 1994. Occurence and distribution of the parasitic copepod Leposphilus labrei on corkwing wrasse (Crenilabrus melops). Journal of Parasitology 80(2): 331-332.

Elliott, K. 1992. The strange world of the wrasse. Independent on Sunday (UK), 5 July 1992.

Fogg, R. 1989. Wrasse'll wrassle sealice. Shetland Times, 29 September 1989.

Galeote, M. D. & Otero, J. G. 1998. Cleaning behaviour of rock cook, Centrolabrus exoletus (Labridae), in Tarifa (Gibraltar Strait Area). Cybium 22(1): 57-68.

Garforth, D. B., Costello, M. J. & Fitzgerald, R. D. 1996. Determination of satiation and maintenance rations of goldsinny wrasse (Ctenolabrus rupestris) fed on mussel meat (Mytilus edulis). In: Wrasse: biology and use in aquaculture, Sayer, M. D. J., Treasurer, J. W. & Costello, M. J., Fishing News Books, Oxford: 251-264.

Gibson, D. R. & Sommerville, C. 1996. The potential for viral problems related to the use of wrasse in the farming of Atlantic salmon. In: Wrasse: biology and use in aquaculture, Sayer, M. D. J., Treasurer, J. W. & Costello, M. J., Fishing News Books, Oxford: 240-246.

Gorlick, D. L. 1980. Ingestion of host fish surface mucus by the Hawaiian cleaning wrasse, Labroides phthirophagus (Labridae), and its effect on host species preference. Copeia 4: 863-8.

Gorlick, D. L. 1984. Preference for ectoparasite-infected host fishes by the Hawaiian cleaning wrasse, Labroides phthirophagus (Labridae). Copeia 3: 758-62.

Gorlick, D. L., Atkins, P. D. & Losey Jr. , G. S. 1987. Effect of cleaning by Labroides dimidiatus (Labridae) on an ectoparasite population infecting Pomacentrus vaiuli (Pomacentridae) at Enewetak Atoll. Copeia 1: 41-5.

Grover, J. 1994. A new role for cleaner fish: biological control of ectoparasites in aquaculture. Underwater Naturalist 22: 9-13.

Grutter, A. 1996. Experimental demonstration of no effect by the cleaner wrasse Labroides dimidiatus (Cuvier and Valenciennes) on the host fish Pomacentrus moluccensis (Bleeker). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 196: 285-298.

Grutter, A. 1996. Parasite removal rates by the cleaner wrasse Labroides diminiatus. Marine Ecology Progress Series 130: 61-70.

Hjeltnes, B., Bergh, Ø., Wergeland, H. & C., H. J. 1995. Susceptibility of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua, halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus and wrasse (Labridae) to Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida and the possibility of transmission of furunculosis from farmed salmon Salmo salar to marine fish. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 23: 25-31.

Holmyard, N. 1994. Salmon farm company gets big benefits from new technology. Fish Farming International 21(1): 6-7.

Just, J. 1978. Parasites. Acta Arctica 20: 107-117.

Kalberg, A. M., Hovland, F. & Ytroy, B. 1990. Forsok med leppefisk som avlusar pa laks (Salmo salar). Aldersbestemming, gyteoservasjonar og startforing av bergnebb (Ctenolabrus rupestris). SFDH.

Karlsbakk, E., Hodneland, K. & Nylund, A. 1996. Health status of goldsinny wrasse, including a detailed examination of the parasite community at Flodevigen, southern Norway. In: Wrasse: biology and use in aquaculture, Sayer, M. D. J., Treasurer, J. W. & Costello, M. J., Fishing News Books, Oxford: 228-239.

Kennedy, J. 1991. BIM wrasse fishing trials summarised. Scottish Fish Farmer, September 1991: 54.

Kvenseth, A. 1998. Wrasse - do they transfer diseases to salmon? Caligus(5): 2-4.

Kvenseth, A. M. & Kvenseth, P. G. 2000. Wrasse - the video. Caligus(6): 8-10.

Kvenseth, P. G. 1993. Use of wrasse to control salmon lice. In: Fish Farming Technology, Dahle, Jorgensen & Tvinnereim, Balkema, Rotterdam: 227-232.

Kvenseth, P. G. 1996. Large-scale use of wrasse to control sea lice and net fouling in salmon farms in Norway. In: Wrasse: biology and use in aquaculture, Sayer, M. D. J., Treasurer, J. W. & Costello, M. J., Fishing News Books, Oxford: 196-203.

Levitan, C. W. 1991. A review of the biology of some fish species with potential to act as cleaner-fish in salmon farming to control sealice. BC Aquaculture Research and Development Council.

Lysaght, S., Costello, M. J. & Deady, S. 1995. A technical guide to the use of wrasse (Labridae) in the biological control of sealice on salmon. Bord Iascaigh Mhara, Dublin.

Maroni, K. & Anderson, P. 1996. Distribution and abundance of wrasse in an area of northern Norway. In: Wrasse: biology and use in aquaculture, Sayer, M. D. J., Treasurer, J. W. & Costello, M. J., Fishing News Books, Oxford: 70-73.

Menezes, J. 1992. Hazards from pathogens carried by wild fish, particularly wrasse used as lice cleaners. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists 12: 194-5.

Poulin, R. & Grutter, A. S. 1996. Cleaning symbioses: proximate and adaptive explanations. BioScience 46(7): 512-517.

Roberts, R. J. 1992. Wrasses put colour into the fight against sealice. Fish Farming International 19: 36.

Sayer, M. D. J. 1996. North European wrasse: identification, distribution and habitat. In: Wrasse: biology and use in aquaculture, Sayer, M. D. J., Treasurer, J. W. & Costello, M. J., Fishing News Books, Oxford: 3-12.

Sayer, M. D. J. 1996. Wrasse use in aquaculture: implications for the sea loch environment. In: Aquaculture and Sea Lochs, Black, K. D., Harlequin Press, Oban, Scotland: 82-88.

Sayer, M. D. J. 1999. Duration of refuge residence by goldsinny, Ctenolabrus rupestris. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 79: 571-572.

Sayer, M. D. J., Gibson, R. N. & Atkinson, R. J. A. 1993. Biology of inshore wrasse populations. Annual report to the Scottish Salmon Growers Association and the Crown Estate June 1993: 40.

Sayer, M. D. J., Gibson, R. N. & Atkinson, R. J. A. 1996. Seasonal, sexual and geographical variation in the biology of goldsinny, corkwing and rock cook on the west coast of Scotland. In: Wrasse: biology and use in aquaculture, Sayer, M. D. J., Treasurer, J. W. & Costello, M. J., Fishing News Books, Oxford: 13-46.

Sayer, M. D. J., Treasurer, J. W. & Costello, M. J. 1996. Wrasse biology and aquaculture applications: commentary and conclusions. In: Wrasse: biology and use in aquaculture, Sayer, M. D. J., Treasurer, J. W. & Costello, M. J., Fishing News Books, Oxford: 272-274.

Sayer, M. D. J., Treasurer, J. W. & Costello, M. J., Eds. 1996. Wrasse Biology and Use in Aquaculture. Fishing News Books, Oxford.

Sherwood, J. P. B. 1990. Wrasse breeding trials. SSGA and SSFA Consultancy Report No. 24.

Skiftesvik, A. B., Boxaspen, K. & Parsons, A. 1996. Preliminary breeding trials of wrasse in an intensive system. In: Wrasse: biology and use in aquaculture, Sayer, M. D. J., Treasurer, J. W. & Costello, M. J., Fishing News Books, Oxford: 136-141.

Stone, J. 1996. Preliminary trials on the culture of goldsinny and corkwing wrasse. In: Wrasse: biology and use in aquaculture, Sayer, M. D. J., Treasurer, J. W. & Costello, M. J., Fishing News Books, Oxford: 142-167.

Thorburn, I. 1991. 'Green'- the way to go. Fish Farmer 14: 46.

Treasurer, J. 1991. Limitations in the use of wrasse. Fish Farmer 14(5): 12-13.

Treasurer, J. 1991. Wrasse need due care and attention. Fish Farmer 14(4): 24-26.

Treasurer, J. 1991. Wrasse research gives good results. Marine Harvest News(5): 6.

Treasurer, J. 1994. Prey selection and daily food consumption by a cleaner-fish, Ctenolabrus rupestris (L.), on farmed atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. Aquaculture 122: 269-277.

Treasurer, J. & Cox, D. 1991. The occurrence of Aeromonas salmonicida in wrasse (Labridae) and implications for Atlantic salmon farming. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists 11: 208-10.

Treasurer, J. & Henderson, G. 1992. Wrasse: a new fishery. World Fishing, November.

Treasurer, J. & Sayer, M. 1996. Worldwide applications for cleaner-fish. Fish Farmer 19(2): 10-11.

Treasurer, J. W. 1993. Management of sea lice (Caligidae) with wrasse (Labridae) on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). In: Pathogens of wild and farmed fish: sea lice, Boxshall, G. A. & Defaye, D., Ellis Horwood, Chichester: 335-345.

Treasurer, J. W. 1993. More facts on the role of wrasse in louse control. Fish Farmer 16: 37-8.

Treasurer, J. W. 1994. Abnormal skull in goldskinny wrasse, Ctenolabrus rupestris. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists 14(4): 139-140.

Treasurer, J. W. 1994. Distribution and species and length composition of wrasse (Labridae) in inshore waters of west Scotland. Glasgow Naturalist 22(4): 409-417.

Treasurer, J. W. 1994. The distribution, age and growth of wrasse (Labridae) in inshore waters of west Scotland. Journal of Fish Biology 44: 905-918.

Treasurer, J. W. 1994. Selection of sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis by a cleaner fish, goldsinny wrasse, Ctenolabrus rupestris on farmed Atlantic salmon. Journal of Fish Biology 45(Supplement A): 254-255.

Treasurer, J. W. 1996. Capture techniques for wrasse in inshore waters of west Scotland. In: Wrasse: biology and use in Aquaculture, Sayer, M. D. J., Treasurer, J. W. & Costello, M. J., Fishing News Books, Oxford: 74-90.

Treasurer, J. W. 1996. Wrasse (Labridae) as cleaner-fish of sea lice on farmed Atlantic salmon in west Scotland. In: Wrasse: biology and use in aquaculture, Sayer, M. D. J., Treasurer, J. W. & Costello, M. J., Fishing News Books, Oxford: 185-195.

Treasurer, J. W. 1997. Parasites of wrasse (Labridae) in inshore waters of west Scotland stocked as cleaner-fish of sea lice (Caligidae) on farmed Atlantic salmon. Journal of Fish Biology 50: 895-899.

Treasurer, J. W. & Laidler, L. A. 1994. Aeromonas salmonicida infection in wrasse (Labridae) used as cleaner fish, on an Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., farm. Journal of Fish Diseases 17(155-161).

Tully, O. 1991. Cleaner-fish are good news. The Badger 44(Autumn 1991).

Tully, O., Daly, P., Lysaght, S., Deady, S. & Varian, S. J. A. 1995. Use of cleaner-wrasse Centrolabrus exoletus (L.) and Ctenolabrus rupestris (L.) to control infestations of Caligus nordmann on farmed Atlantic salmon. Aquaculture 142: 11-24.

Varian, S. J. A., Deady, S. & Fives, J. M. 1996. The effect of intensive fishing of wild wrasse populations in Lettercallow Bay, Connemara, Ireland: implications for the future management of the fishery. In: Wrasse: biology and use in aquaculture, Sayer, M. D. J., Treasurer, J. W. & Costello, M. J., Blackwell Scientific Publications Ltd, Oxford: 100-118.

Young, C. M. 1996. Wrasse as cleaner-fish: the Shetland experience. In: Wrasse: biology and use in aquaculture, Sayer, M. D. J., Treasurer, J. W. & Costello, M. J., Fishing News Books, Oxford: 204-210.