New project on sea lice control on fish farms

A new project has been funded under the European Union FAIR (aquaculture) research programme entitled ‘Biology and management in the control of lice on fish farms’ (contract number CT96-1615). The project is a ‘Concerted Action’ and so does not involve new research but rather facilitates the communication of information related to the control of lice on fish farms. This will be achieved through:

• providing a World Wide Web site and e-mail network
• hosting of meetings (workshops and conferences)
• establishment of a register of researchers
• producing a computerised bibliography
• publishing the bibliography, newsletter, register of researchers, and proceedings of meetings

The project is co-ordinated by Dr Mark J. Costello (EcoServe, Dublin) in partnership with Dr Geoffrey A. Boxshall (Natural History Museum, London), Mr Kjell Maroni (KPMG, Lauvnes), Mr Per Gunnar Kvenseth (Norsk Hydro a/s), and Dr Carmel Mothersill (Dublin Institute of Technology).

Enquires about the project should be sent to:

• mcostello@ecoserve.ie
• Dr M. J. Costello, Ecological Consultancy Services Ltd, 7 Glenmalure Park, Rialto, Dublin 8, Ireland;
• or any of the project’s partners.

World Wide Web site

http://www.ecoserve.ie/projects/sealice/index.html

We invite organisations and persons with related WWW sites to (a) make links with this site, and (b) inform us of their sites so we can link this site to theirs.

E-mail network

To join the e-mail list for this project please send your e-mail address to mcostello@ecoserve.ie.

Meetings

Three meetings will be held, in

• 1997 - Trondheim, Norway (see next page)
• 1998 - Amsterdam, The Netherlands
• 1999 - Dublin, Ireland

Amsterdam, 20-24 July 1998

Theme ‘Advances in lice biology’

As part of 4^th international crustacean congress. This meeting will be a scientific conference rather than a workshop. To get on the congress mailing list contact ICC 4, c/o Wil van Zijl, University of Amsterdam, Vakgroep SEP, P.O. Box 94766, HL-1090 GT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; fax +31-20-525 5402; e-mail zijl@bio.uva.nl

Dublin, 1999

Theme ‘Integrated lice control’; may include host defences, lice biology, management practices, use of chemotherapeutants, fallowing, wrasse, etc..

Suggestions are welcome.

Current research projects

A list of current research projects relevant to sea lice control is being compiled for the first workshop. This will both facilitate communication between researchers and others and help identify areas with insufficient research. (see page 7)

1997 WORKSHOP ON SEA LICE CONTROL

Dates: 6 - 8 November 1997

Venue: Lilletorget Hotel, Trondheim, Norway

Convenors: Kjell Maroni and Per Kvenseth

The programme involves introductory lectures followed by discussion groups.

Groups involving industry have parallel sessions in English and Norwegian.

This is the first of three meetings to be held on sea lice control as part of an EU FAIR Concerted Action project entitled ‘Biology and management in the control of lice on fish farms’. This workshop will include:

• Special group discussions on aspects of lice control involving researchers and industry
• Each session will begin with an Introduction or Opening address which will summarise available knowledge and identify the issues and questions to be discussed in the following discussion groups.
• Invited experts on lice biology, lice control on fish farms, and the natural defenses of fish to external parasites will make presentations aimed at a wide audience and contribute to discussions
• Ends with excursion to a salmon farm to demonstrate a standard procedure for use in monitoring lice levels on salmon farms
• An audience of 100-150 researchers and fish farmers is expected.
• Facilities for the promotion and sale of products, books and other materials can be arranged in advance through the Workshop Secretariat (contact details page 4).

Provided at the Trondheim workshop will be:

• Latest details of the Concerted Action programme;
• Draft indexed bibliography on lice control;
• Draft register of researchers interested or active in the area of lice control;
• Draft list of current research projects relevant to sea lice control;
• Draft ‘best current advice for lice control’;
• Draft standard protocol for sampling lice on salmon farms;
• Abstracts of recent and current research in area of lice control.

Following the conference an edited volume is to be published and provided free to delegates containing:

• Preface introducing the Concerted Action programme;
• Indexed bibliography of literature;
• Register of researchers;
• List of current research projects relevant to sea lice control;
• Best current advice for lice control;
• Protocol for sampling lice on salmon farms;
• Abstracts of recent and current research;
• Reports and conclusions of discussions held during the workshop, including priorities for further research and management;
• List of delegates at the workshop.

In addition a press release, and article for trade magazines, on the conclusions of the workshop will be produced.

Programme

Thursday 6 November 1997 - Trondheim

Friday 7 November 1997

Saturday 8 November 1997

Sunday 9 November 1997

Sea lice workshop secretariat,

KPMG Management Consulting AS,

Centre for Aquaculture and Fisheries,

P.O. Box 2065, 7001 Trondheim, NORWAY.

Phone: + 47 - 73 - 51 44 60; Fax: + 47 - 73 - 51 45 35.

Email: aquakpmg@sn.no

Provide

Venue

Cicignons plass, 7001 Trondheim, NORWAY

Phone: + 47 - 73 - 52 05 24; Fax: + 47 - 73 - 53 21 43

Costs

Excursion NOK 100 (includes travel)

Registration fees include attendance, copy of information pack at the meeting, copy of full proceedings published after the meeting, lunches, coffee and teas during the workshop. Each delegate makes their own travel and accommodation arrangements and pays for their own evening meals (unless sponsors found). Cheques should be made payable to ‘KPMG Management Consulting’.

A reduced registration rate and subsidy for attendance may be possible for students and others with low resources. If you feel you are in this category please explain this in a letter or fax to the Workshop Secretariat, and provide supporting documents (e.g. copy current student card, letter of support from supervisor). Preference will be given to persons with new contributions to present to the meeting (e.g. complete but unpublished research results, preliminary research findings, new hypotheses).

Accommodation

Delegates must make their own accommodation arrangements. Rooms have been allocated for delegates in the following two hotels for the meeting, but you must arrange the booking yourself.

1. 1. Astoria hotell, Nordre gate 24, 7010 Trondheim. Phone: + 47 - 73 - 52 95 50; Fax: + 47 - 73 - 52 07 57. Special workshop price NOK 500- per night.
2. 2. Lilletorget Hotell & møtesenter (venue of meetings). NOK 725 per night.

Delegates who pay in advance for the excursion will be accommodated in the Zanzibar Inn, 7840 Lauvsnes, Norway (phone: + 47 - 74 - 28 83 00; Fax: + 47 - 74 - 28 82 66). Accommodation and meal costs to be finalized.

A full bibliography of publications relevant to the control of sea lice on fish farms is being prepared as part of the Concerted Action project.

Armstrong R. 1994. Sea lice treatment registration for Canadian fish farms. Bulletin of the Aquaculture Association of Canada 94 (1), 29-33.

Boxshall G.A. and DeFaye D. (eds.). Pathogens of wild and farmed fish: sea lice. Ellis Horwood, London.

Bris H. Le, Moffat P., Bocquené G., Buchet V., Galgani F. and Blanc G. 1995. Laboratory study on the effect of dichlorvos on two commercial bivalves. Aquaculture 138, 139-144.

Bron J.E., Sommerville C, Wootten R. and Rae G. H. 1993. Fallowing of marine Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., farms as a method for the control of sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kroyer, 1837). Journal of Fish Diseases 16, 487-493.

Burridge L.E. and Haya K. 1995. A review of di-n-butylphthalate in the aquatic environment: concerns regarding its use in salmonid aquaculture. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 26, 1-13.

Costello M.J. 1993. Review of methods to control sea lice (Caligidae: Crustacea) infestations on salmon (Salmo salar) farms. In: Boxshall G.A. and DeFaye D. (eds.), Pathogens of wild and farmed fish: sea lice, Ellis Horwood, London, 219-252.

Costelloe M., Costelloe J. and Roche N. 1995. Variation in sea lice infestation on Atlantic salmon smolts in Killary Harbour, west coast of Ireland. Aquaculture International 3, 379-393.

Costelloe M., Costelloe J. and Roche N. 1996. Planktonic dispersion of larval salmon-lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, associated with cultured salmon, Salmo salar, in western Ireland. Journal of the marine biological Association of the United Kingdom 76, 141-149.

Finstad B., Bjørn P.A. and Nilsen S. T. 1995. Survival of salmon lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis Krøyer, on Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.), in fresh water. Aquaculture Research 26, 791-795.

Flores-Nava A. and Vizcarra-Quiroz J.J. 1988. Acute toxicity of trichlorfon (Dipterex) to fry of Cichlasoma urophthalmus Günther. Aquaculture and Fisheries Management 19, 341-345.

Grimnes A. and Jakobsen P. J. 1996. The physiological effects of salmon lice infection on post-smolt of Atlantic salmon. Journal of Fish Biology 48, 1179-1194.

Heuch P. A. 1995. Experimental evidence for aggregation of salmon louse copepodids (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) in step salinity gradients. Journal of the marine biological Association of the United Kingdom 75, 927-939.

Heuch P.A., Parsons A. and Boxaspen K. 1995. Diel vertical migration: a possible host-finding mechanism in salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) copepodids? Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52, 681-689.

Hjeltnes B., Bergh Ø. , Wergeland H. and Holm J. C. 1995. Susceptibility of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua, halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus and wrasse (Labridae) to Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. Salmonicida and the possibility of transmission of furunculosis from farmed salmon Salmo salar to marine fish. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 23, 25-31.

Hodneland K., Nylund A., Nilsen F. and Midttun B. 1993. The effect of nuvan, azamethiphos and hydrogen peroxide on salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis). Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists 13, 203-206.

Holst J. C., Nielsen F., Hodneland K. and Nylund A. 1993. Observations on the biology and parasites of postsmolt Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, from the Norwegian Sea. Journal of Fish Biology 42, 962-966.

Jackson D. and Minchin D. 1992. Aspects of the reproductive output of two caligid copepod species parasitic on cultivated salmon. Invertebrate Reproduction and Development 22, 87-90.

Johnson S. C. and Margolis L. 1993. Efficacy of ivermectin for the control of the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis on Atlantic salmon. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 17, 101-105.

Johnson S. C., Constible J.M. and Richard J. 1993. Laboratory investigations on the efficacy of hydrogen peroxide against the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis and its toxicological and histopathological effects on Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 17, 197-204.

Johnson S. C., Whyte J.N.C. and Margolis L. 1993. The efficacy of hydrogen peroxide against the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis, its toxicological effects on Atlantic and chinook salmon, its stability in sea water, and its toxic effects on some non-target species. Aquaculture Update 63, 6pp.

Jónsdóttir H., Bron J.E., Wootten R. and Turnbull J.F. 1992. The histopathology associated with the pre-adult and adult stages of Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda: Caligidae) on the Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. Journal of Fish Diseases 15, 521-527.

Laviña E.M. 1977. The biology and control of Caligus sp., an ectoparasite of the adult milkfish Chanos chanos Forskal. Southeast Asia Fisheries development Ecological Commission Quarterly Research Report on aquaculture Development, 12-13.

MacKinnon B.M. 1993. Response of the copepodid larvae of Caligus elongatus to light, and the ultrastructure of the eyes. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 50, 793-799.

MacKinnon B.M. 1993. Host response of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to infection by sea lice (Caligus elongatus). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 50, 789-792.

MacKinnon B.M. 1995. The poor potential of cunner, Tautogolabrus adsperus, to act as cleaner fish in removing sea lice (Caligus elongatus) from farmed salmon in eastern Canada. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52 (Suppl. 1), 175-177.

Nagasawa K. 1985. Comparison of the infection levels of Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda) on chum salmon captured by two methods. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 32, 368-370.

Nagasawa K. and Takami T. 1993. Host utilisation by the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda: Caligidae) in the Sea of Japan. Journal of Parasitology 79, 127-130.

Nese L. and Enger Ø. 1993. Isolation of Aeromonas salmonicida from salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis and marine plankton. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 16, 79-81.

Nylund A., Bjørknes B. and Wallace C. 1991. Lepeophtheirus salmonis - a possible vector in the spread of diseases on salmonids. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists 11, 213-216.

Nylund A., Økland S. and Bjørknes B. 1992. Anatomy and ultrastructure of the alimentary canal in Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida). Journal of Crustacean Biology 12, 423-437.

Roper J., Grayson T.H., Jenkins P.G., Hone J.V., Wrathmell A.B., Russell P.M. and Harris J.E. 1995. The immunocytochemical localisation of potential candidate vaccine antigens from the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kroyer 1837). Aquaculture 132, 221-232.

Roth M., Richards R. H., Dobson D. P. and Rae G. H. 1996. Field trials on the efficacy of the organophosphorus compound azamethiphos for the control of sea lice (Copepoda: Caligidae) infestations of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Aquaculture 140, 217-239.

Ruane N., McCarthy T.K. and Reilly P. 1995. Antibody response to crustacean ectoparasites in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), immunized with Argulus foliaceus L. antigen extract. Journal of Fish Diseases 18, 529-537.

Sayer M.D.J., Treasurer J.W. and Costello M.J. (eds.) 1996. Wrasse biology and use in aquaculture. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 283 pp.

Shaw R. and Opitz M. 1996. Abundance of the parasitic copepod Caligus elongatus on wild pollock near commercial salmonid net pens. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 8, 75-77.

Sommerville C. 1995. Latest weapons in the war on sea lice. Fish Farmer 18 (2), 53-55.

Tully O., Daly P., Lysaght S., Deady S. and Varian S.J.A. 1995. Use of cleaner-wrasse (Centrolabrus exoletus (L. ) and Ctenolabrus ruprestris (L.)) to control infestations of Caligus elongatus Nordmann on farmed Atlantic salmon. Aquaculture 142, 11-24.

This newsletter is distributed free to over 200 interested persons twice a year.

All the information in Caligus is also displayed on the World Wide Web at http://www.ecoserve.ie/projects/sealice.

Caligus is funded as part of a ‘Concerted Action’ project under the European Union FAIR (aquaculture) research programme (contract number CT96-1615, entitled ‘Biology and management in the control of lice on fish farms’.

The European Commission exercises no role in newsletter content or dissemination, and is not responsible for any views expressed by contributors.

Contributions on

• new and current research projects,
• forthcoming meetings,
• reviews of past meetings,
• observations on lice biology or related subjects,
• open letters raising questions or expressing points of view,
• advertisements (e.g. lice control products),
• new publications (scientific papers, books, reports, world wide web sites)
• and other information of possible interest to readers should be sent to The Editor of Caligus, Ecological Consultancy Services Ltd, 7 Glenmalure Park, Rialto, Dublin 8, Ireland; Email mcostello@ecoserve.ie.

Bibliography

A bibliography of publications relevant to sea lice control on fish farms is being compiled (see pages 5 and 6). Please send references, including papers ‘in press’ (i.e. accepted for publication but not yet published, to mcostello@ecoserve.ie for inclusion in this bibliography. The bibliography will be published on the World Wide Web and in the proceedings of the November 1997 lice control workshop in Trondheim (see pages 2 to 4). Please note that some publications are not be easily available by inter-library loan if they do not have an ISBN (book), ISSN (periodical), or be a thesis lodged in a university library. If this may be then case (e.g. ICES reports) please add the address at which copies of the publication are available from to the end of the reference.

Current research projects

A list of current research projects relevant to sea lice control is being compiled for the first workshop. This will both facilitate communication between researchers and others and help identify areas with insufficient research. Please send

• name and contact details of individual or research group leader
• explanatory title of research project indicating type of study (e.g. field or laboratory, experimental or survey) and location
• names of researchers involved
• duration of research (start and end).

Register of researchers

A preliminary list of over 170 persons has been prepared. Each person has been sent a letter with a copy of this newsletter asking them to confirm their interest, provide contact details, identify their particular interests, and state whether they wish to be listed on the register which will be published in the Trondheim workshop proceedings and on the World Wide Web.

Copyright statement. The information in Caligus may be published elsewhere without prior permission for non-profiting making purposes provided its source is clearly acknowledged. Recommended acknowledgement is "From Caligus, a newsletter funded under the EU FAIR programme". © EcoServe, December 1997.